Architectural Designs
Architectural House Design Knowledge Base
What is a good architectural design program for macs? Mainly for designing house plans.? I draw a lot of house plans, and I was wondering if anyone knows of a good architectural design program for Macs. I usually do just basic house plans but I am taking an architectural design course next year and would like to be able to do more in depth designs ( landscaping, decoration, furniture, etc). Thanks
If I have a Bachelor's Degree in Architectural Design from an accredited college, can I legally design a house? If I have a Bachelor's Degree in Architectural Design from an accredited college, can I legally design a residential house in Rhode Island? With a Bachelor's Degree in Architectural Design and Engineering from an accredited college, can I legally design a house to be built, and obtain all of the needed documentation and permits?
(architectural design question)What type of house style is popular today in Los Angeles? I would like to know out of all the house styles today (for example cape cods, ranch style, bungalow, ETC), which one(s) are the most popular. Also which style is popular in the state of Colorado
I am interested in the architectural design/style of this house that I saw.? Is there a website where I can look up an approximately 100 year old house to determine the architectural style and other info?
If you could design your dream house, in any architectural fashion, money is no object, how would you build it Describe how it would look. Me? I love domes and spires, plenty of glass, and tons of bright colors.
Where can i find the architectural designs of the house in the following movies? catch and release, old school, disturbia
Do architectural engineers build and design houses and/or buliding? I'm asking because I was on this website and it didn't say anything about building or designing houses and/or buildings.
Architectural designs for a new house.? Please tell me the website. The designs should be free, with detailed drawings of everything. An overall view will be nice
What field of study should I go into to design the floorplans of houses, public buildings, etc? I want to design houses. I love drawing out the floorplans and choosing where all the fixtures go and the different styles you can make a house have (inside and out). I am pretty good at it and want to do that for a living. Am I going for a degree in Architecture or architectural design? Is there anyone out there who does this for a living? Anyone know of any schools (preferably in the midwest) where I can acheive my goals?
what's the difference between studying architectural design and engineering design? except the houses and buldings that architect design.... what i mean is, it is still design,.right?? i'm not good at architectural design,..so does it mean that i'm not good also at engineering design?? .... that's bothering me to take up BSEE....... what should i do?? any advice would be much appreciated,....tnx...
how to find architectural designs for houses on a certain street in a city? ok so I'm looking for architectural designs for houses on High St. in (i think) Dayton, Ohio. can anyone find this for me or help me find it? it''s for recreational purposes :) thanks in advance <3
Do you like the Architectural design of where you live? Is it simple? Is it spacious? Do you have to go through someone's bedroom to get to the bathroom? Do you have to break a wall down to get that new 80 inch TV inside the house?
Does anyone know of any free, 3-D architectural design software out there? I'm looking for some preferably free software that I can use to make a 3-D design of my house and exterior etc. Just wondered if anyone knew of any? Thanks Guys! Will Smith Cheers guys! Thanks for your help...
architectural design? what are the materials used for cape cod colonial house design and a brief summary of it?
where can i find the architectural floor plan of a large house in montreal? i need an accurate (if possible up to date) floor plan of a house in montreal so i can design a house based on wall thicknesses etc.. any information would help thanks
Where can I find Architectural design plans for Taiwanese houses? I recently started going back to school part time, trying to finish my architecture degree, and when my professor found out that I lived in Taiwan he gave me an assignment to design a full set of design plans and 3D renderings for various angles of the buildings interior and exterior. Even though I live in Taiwan I never actually paid much attention to the design of the buildings around me. So I am hoping some one can tell me where I can find blue prints, models, floor plans, anything like this that would help me to complete my assignment. I am not looking for anything fancy like Taipei 101 or the gigantic fancy houses suburbs of Taipei (mostly because they are too complex), rather I am looking for something like the normal 3-5 story houses, or even the traditional Chinese or Fukien style country homes. Anything that represents the houses that you see in Taiwan. Here are a few examples of the types of buildings that I am talking about. These are houses in Tainan in the An'Ping ~ (http://community.webshots.com/photo/fullsize/2145677290078206077oNRbQB) This is a blinding of traditional and modern Taiwanese housing in Tainan County (http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2165/2197244026_4a8be8a419.jpg) This a traditional style Taiwanese house I don't think that it is a Fujian style but still in the ball park~ (http://community.webshots.com/photo/fullsize/1220262605049765968GposVB) This a modern style house in Taipei ~ (http://www.culture.gov.tw/d_upload_tca_pro/cms/image/A0/B0/C0/D0/E0/F997/283d1bc3-0bd8-4507-b4cd-c056b596e5ef.jpg) This is a typical house in Taichung (http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3458/3870620876_909f00ffd6_o.jpg) If anyone has any sort of useful information about this your help will be very appreciated. Thank you
Architectural Design Question!? Ok. I'm 14. I know you have to get a degree in architectural design before you can design anything. But there are many pieces of land around my area, and i would love to design some houses that are going there. (Do i send away my designs to all local builders (i don't know who's building there) I'm confused. And how much money would i get for designing about 15 houses. Please genuine answers. Thanks :)
what is a good website for creating interior house designs/architecture? I knew this website that allowed you to create architectural designs but i forgot the website name.
what is the website for architectural indian designs.? house designs suitable to indian needs.
What are some house designing websites? What are some architectural websites or websites for designing houses that include no downloading or anything?
Architectural drafting software? I am considering 3 choices for architectural software that are within my budget: Chief Architect X1 SoftPlan v.13 Vector Works Architect 2008 Anyone with experience using these have any pros/cons? I basically use autocad lite, and I have tried some of those cheap design it yourself products like Punch and FloorPlan 3D, but I want something professional and able to mix the best of CADD with the best of house design. Any suggestions?
What is a good size residential house? Ok so I am messing around in my architectural class, my teacher wants us to design a house. Now if you were a middle class customer of mine, how many bedrooms and bathrooms would you want? how about the garage, 2-car or 3? what about a game room or something. I am just looking for some ideal house sizes so I can start.
which house property is better? i have to sselect a site for my house in architectural design class. i have narrowed it down to two choices: 929 Border Ave Del Mar, CA 92014 12451 Del Vino Ct SAN DIEGO , CA 92130 oneh as beach view, the other has more value and LOT size... if someone can help me out. i also need help with coming up with great names. thanks
Architectural Design help? I have to design a home that is basically a one story, 90 feet by 20 feet rectangle with the 90 feet side being where the front of the house is located.. I have a plot and floor plan but have no idea what I want to do with the exterior of the house. Could you show some homes (in links, pictures, etc.) that would be similar to the standards on my design? Preferably a modern/contemporary design. Thanks :)
where can i find a free 3d model for Indian house? I Need A An Architectural Design For My New home On A Plot Of dimension 30x38 feet where and how can i find some free models so that i can have some ideas... and if it could be modified with help of any software like Google sketch, sweet home 3d etc. them it will be really good.. i mean some application provide some online sharing of models... but i need an india type house... and even i don't have much space...
How much details are needed on a 1:100 scaled drawing of a house? Heya, I am doing my first Architectural designing project and need to draw plans, sections and elevations of my house and was wondering if anyone can tell me how much detail is needed for a 1:100 drawing. How do you represent windows and does the roof/floor walls differ in thickness then other walls? If will be great if you could post me some example of 1:100 drawings. Thanks alot x
How do you cite architectural designs? For my MYP Personal Project, I'm creating architectural designs. I found some designs in a book called "Houses of the Century" that I want to base my designs on. How do I cite these sources?
What do you think of this house design? There's this style in the Mediterranean places. And I don't see how come there's no homes like this in, say, Toronto. Well, absence of money and architectural taste could be the reason. Ok, say we have a lot without a house. The perimeter of the lot will be the outside wall of the house. Then 5 yards from the outer wall we build and inner wall. The remaining space inside is a garden. Wall on the inside can have big windows that can slide open. Outside windows are typically very small for privacy and heat reflection. Kind of like this http://www.marco-dan.com/P1010002.JPG Building material is brick.
Where can I buy a model house kit or instructions? I am looking to build a model house that I can design in my free time and for Architectural School in order to become good at it. Does anyone know where I could get either a kit or detailed instructions and a list of supplies I will need?
what features of a house (or other living quarters) are unique to your part of the world? what architectural or design features are unique to your area? do you know why they exist? give your state or country, if you like! my answer: here in coastal north carolina, no homes seem to have basements (it's obvious why) many have carports instead of garages (maybe because garages get too warm?) almost all homes i've been in have no shortage of ceiling fans. there are not many raised wooden decks, but quite a few attached concrete porches. maybe the wood doesn't hold up well in the humidity.
Where should I start with designing my house? Hello there. My name is Chase and I just started going to a Technical high school 2 months ago. I'm (most likely) taking up an Architectural shop. I got the idea of trying to build/design my own house just for a starting challenge towards myself. I was thinking of working on it everyday since I have a good notebook with lined paper and graph paper side by side, for notes and examples. I was just wondering, where should I start? So far, I know about an "Airplane" view, otherwise known as a floor plan, a side view (a first person look in one direction inside of the area, mainly from the center of the room.) I understand this will be easier with an Architectural design program on the computer, but I just want to start off on paper. Is there anything else I should know? I understand that this is a very vague question and it might be hard to understand, but what should I do? Thank you, FailSafe. But I have another question. :/ Do I really have to draw all of the wiring directions, water tanks, and things like that? Most Floor Plans and Side Views don't look like they include that.
I am home schooled. Does 3D modeling count? Hi I am home schooled. I am making 3D stuff in Google Sketch. I was wondering if that counts as a course. I am currently building a model of my house, (architectural designing) and I make like 3d designs of stuff (treasure chest, etc;) and I was wondering that if that counts as school. @Rickey I was sick with the flu and I ran out of sick days so they kicked me out of public school so I wouldn't make the school look bad by failing.
How tall will the guest house need to be? To maintain a consistent architectural look, the height of a planned guest house must maintain a 4 to 7 ratio with the height of the larger main house. The main house has been designed at a height of 28 feet. How tall will the guest house need to be?
Where I can find an Architectural encyclopedia about housing and commercial buildings? Please I want to know the important concepts about designing villas , houses , towers , commercial buildings >>> I want it this week Well done mr.die I'll try to find these books you told but as I am not from USA I think I won't find it easily so if you can search for a free encyclopedia you will serve me well >>> I hope you and anyone answer this question can find a free encyclopedia or a name of other books to search for
Any good interior design/ home decoration websites out there? I've only found http://www.apartmenttherapy.com? No DIY websites, no architectural design. Just websites that give you inspiration on how to form the interior of your house/flat.
architecture design major for college good idea and a bit confused bout the different designs in architecture? i'm going to syracuse university in sept this year. and was wondering if i should go for architecture, because i always like to design houses, both inside and out. including the garden even. so i was wondering if architectural design is something i should get into, i learned a bit about how to make blue prints and model homes in high school. but not much. but from what i know of architectural design, i like it. and my parents also agree. but there are many different categories of architecture design like interior design and exterior design and what not, i'm a bit confused. so if anyone can help me, i'll really appreciated it. thanks alot
Sims 3 House Renovation - Can I Hire A Person To Do It? Like the Architectural Design career can i hire a person to renovate my household? I have all the expansion packs by the way!
What architectural software is used to create images like these? What architectural software is used to create images like these? I´m dieing to know. I want to just to design a dream beach house, but just for fun/hobbie purposes. Thanks! http://www.riomarpanama.com/images/3dRenders/
Is it possible to revive and bring the old traditional Opera House to the Modern generation? through Interior Design and Architectural design of the performing arts theatre
How practical were the architectural designs of Frank Llloyd Wright? I understand that many of his structures have not fared well over the years. Can you tell me in what ways his houses and buildings have failed the test of time?
Where can i find some architectural software? I was playing the Sims 2 and it's really fun to build houses. I was wondering if there is like a really up-to-date kind of software where you can design your very own 3D house, garden, yard, and interior design. I want to get one thats worth the price (cost is not an issue) and that is loads of fun! If you know of anything, then please tell me about it and where you can find it. God Bless!
Can i open an ID solution business DURING my architectural Degree? Im 21 and I am pursuing architecture (Bachelor of Architecture w Applied Sciences) 2nd year, where I got another 2 years to graduate before i start my Masters. I have been very keen on designing and since i received my CAD/Architectural Design Softwares, i have started to design for my parents home (interior - currently being renovated) and even fully designed a single-floor family house myself both exterior and interior from scratch which is currently being built under a separate building contractor. My designs has been praised by family members and even the general public around my neighborhood, in result, my designs has been used (to the drawing) for homes of families i don't even know (who peeked through windows and took photos). Because im designing for myself and my parents, i don't have copyright materials. It has been frustrating to i see my own kitchen design, integrated bed design and home layout being used/copied by the general public around my area, where i can make money out of it and pay off the hefty student loans later. I want to start a small business, one man business, to design rooms for clients living around my city. I believe if they can pay millions for their homes, why cant they spend 1-3K for me to design a unique solution for their rooms since our finished neighborhood is just 3 months old. An Interior design consultant would charge around RM8K-15K for a single floor. Plus every design i make consists of renovated floor plan, materials list, 3D representation and 3D Visual Animated Walk through. Can i start this business without finishing my Degree yet? and should I (from what you have read)?
what should be kept in mind when you are building a house near a river? i need it for my project in architectural design :)
What Style Is This 1890 House? Can someone help me out here, please. What architectural design name would you call this old house? It is square and totally symmetrical except on the front 1st floor, the door is on the left and a window on the right (rather than a centered door). It has a front porch with it's own little roof almost completely across the front with 3 pillars of square posts. The 2nd floor has 2 even windows and there is a dormer? above where the attic is. The roof peaks from all 4 sides and has about a 15" or so overhang all the way around. Inside there is a foyer with the parlor or sitting room on the right and the staircase on the left. There is another door straight behind the foyer to the dining room. Behind the parlor is another room which looks like a bedroom as it has a closet, behind it and the dining room are a bath on the left and kitchen on the right. Then moving to the back of the 1st floor are the laundry area & mud room on the left & a family room (or former bedroom) behind the kitchen. The parlor has a stained glass window and looks like a fireplace was replaced with a stove as the chimney remains, but no fireplace and there is a flue cover. Pocket doors lead to the parlor. The outside of the house is rather plain, no shutters, fancy carvings, or curly cues. It is not a Victorian, Spanish, Mediterranean, or Craftsman. Is it "old farmhouse" or "federal" or something else? Is it "foursquare"? It had some remodeling over the years (inside) and currently has siding on the outside and is painted white. A breezeway from the side mudroom to the garage or (old carriage house) was added. In the garage there is a little "ice room" and an area that looks like it may have been for canning or something. Appreciate your help. Oh, there is no basement and upstairs it looks like there was possibly a maids room, sewing room, in addition to 3 bedrooms. The bathroom is huge...looks like it was originally a bedroom (has a closet).
What is the difference between an architect and an architectural engineer? because when i graduate high shcool next year i want look into that field. I want to design cool futuristic houses and buildings. what college is best for things like that? pleeese help thx
List of architectural and interior design styles? This is for Sims 3 by the way. I could really use a long list of all sorts of interesting styles of houses that I can build. I get tired of building all colonial or all modern styles; I need something fresh, preferably that can relate to both the interior and the exterior. My last one that I've used up was the Tuscan Townhouse kind and then the Mar De Plata style, so those are the kind of different styles I like. Split-style or ranch style or things like that don't really help because they are more architectural and reffering to the construction itself than style. These are the ones you are not allowed to say! ^^ Or should not say because they don't help and I've done them before: -Colonial -Victorian -Eurpoean townhouse -Farmhouse -Modern -Pagoda -Normal-Family Thanks a bunch!
modern federal design sources? I recently moved into a 6-bed, 250-year-old row mansion built in the federal architectural style that is currently undergoing heavy renovation. I want it renovated somewhat to federal standards to preserve the house's glory, but also don't want to make it too museum-ish and fragile. Is there a source that someone can point me towards that deals with modern federal design?
What Questions do Architects and Designers ask to a client ? I am a student in an Architectural Design class and we have a project to contact with a client and ask em Questions that need to be asked to a client which would help in providng the informations to plan the client's house??both quantititive and qualititive Questions I would Appreciate it so much thanks in advance :)
what is the proper architectural design of a masjid based from the hadith? should it be opened on all sides , or just a single door with the back of the muslims towards the door. the kutbah of today was about how most muslims have lowly jobs and not successful in big businesses and that affects how the dawah towards others negatively. I have chinese blood so I come to know about "feng Shui" or the arrangement of a house ,building or place can affect our brain pattern into making us carefree or super critical, thinkers without actions or doers without thinking, business minder or spendthrifts, even early death, infidelities to strike etc. I don't know if this is shirk since I don't associate anything besides allah swt in this concept. I have talk to some Iranians muslims and they don't know about this word or practice then,since it is chinese word meanig "air-water" balance. But they did conclude that they also arrange their main door so as not to face the direction where the wind with the most sand storm come from. as salamu alaikom wa rahmatallah of course, it should face the kibla but , how about the doors, are there many doors or only one door in big masjid, there are many doors on three sides or would it be considered bida if the arrangement is not in accordance with those in the hadith
What kind of spatial quality can give the feelings of suspense, tension, fear and relief? Hello..I am an architectural student and I have a project to design a house. I want the spaces to be inspirational in a mysterious way (especially the feelings of suspense, tension, fear and relief). I would be very happy if you could suggest me what kind of materials and structural forms can provide the mysterious outlook or if you could share on when and what kind of building or space give you these emotions. Thanks!!! (=
What is the best school to go to if I want to become and architect? I'm a sophomore in high school right now and I'm interested in becoming an architectural designer. I want to design buildings, houses, clubs, ect. I want to go to the best school possible for this; therefore i'm curious to which is the best school out there for becoming an architectural designer. ALSO, will you please explain what the difference is between undergraduate and graduate schools are?
How much does it cost to make a large house? I want to one day make a large house and design it myself, because I want to be an architectural engineer. I want it to have alot of land. Maybe 1 acre's or more. I want it to be maybe around 10 bedrooms or more. I want it to be the classic idea of a mansion. If you have ever seen the 2006 version of the Omen, I'd like to design a house like that. BAsically I want it to be a mansion. I just want to know how much it'll cost. As an architectural engineer, I'm going to be able to make a good amount of money, and I am also going to be able to inherit alot of money, because my dad is a successful civil engineer, not that I'm planning on that money. Don't think less of me. I also plan to make the house a private library in my last will. As depressing as that sounds, I want to.
3D Studio Max for Architectural renderings? Hi all, hope you can guide me in the right direction. I work on Autocad doing Architectural work - house plans. I also have 3d Studio max and would like to make a 3d model of my plans , then render them (hopefully very photo-realistically), add people, sky tree etc. for the use of design and presentation BUT I dont know where to start. Is there somewhere online or somewhere where there are step by step tutorials to help me make my flat 2D plans a 3D rendered masterpiece. Come on all you 3d buffs !!! I NEED YOUR HELP !! p.s I cannot go on a course/college etc, as I work and cannot take time off (or afford it) Many thanks...have a great day
Any good architectural games besides sims 2? I usually only play the sims 2 because i love the extreme flexibility of modification to the game, rarely will i ever be playing the actual game, but more or less building houses from my own designs, creating objects, and re-editing the scripts to put a neat little twist on my sims. Are there any good architectural games, or atleast some interesting ones that have a script editor?
what kind of architecture is your house designed in? do you know what special kind of architectural style the building you are in right now was designed in? right now i think im in a modern international style building
Can Architectural engineering major student become licensed architect? Hello, I am going to study architectural engineering in Penn State in next school year. Since I was a kid, I always wanted to become an architect; designing the house and buildings...there's something so fascinating about it:) But when I was filling out the application, the architecture course in penn state was already filled, so I had to applied to architectural engineering. I found out that I'm still going to design the house and build the model, and I just need to take more physics and math classes than architecture major students do. am I correct here? But anyway what i want to ask is, if I study AE for four years and study architecture for two year in graduate school, can I become an architect? I mean do I get a chance to take ARE someday? or do I have to have bachelor's degree from undergraduate school to be able to study architecture in graduate school? I hope all these make sense to you....I;ve been so frustrated nowadays......:-/ Thank you.
Discuss the impact the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright made on modern architecture? Discuss the impact the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright made on modern architecture. Use the examples such as the Robie House, the Francis Little House, and the Guggenheim Museum. What was Wright's approach to architectural space and design? What role did the architect play with respect to the patron? Did Wright's style evolve during the course of his career?
Is designing and building your own home difficult? Is it any different/cheaper from buying? I want to build one day, despite people's objections; I'm an Architectural Draftsman and feel the desire to live in a house I designed by me; has anyone ever done so; I've heard and met people who have but not of their adventures through their project. What is it like? Was it worth it? I would like to build in the country side; semi-rural: it snows up there. I will be living alone w/ pets. I would like natural building materials such as stone, timber; even concrete masonry units; would like a basement and attic; two story structure; of the Italian villa style/cabin or contry cottage. I would love to do some painting up there and have a library and home office; a car shed, two-car garage; and a room for my collections of items of the history and weoponry; I would like the house to be a family freindly home: to gather relatives in times of reunion or yearly tradiditon, having for them rooms to stay the night(s).
Is energy independence a better goal? Rather than arguing about the actual state of the environment, wouldn’t it just be better to say that no matter what your political preference, energy independence would be a good thing if it can be achieved in a cost effective manner? Wouldn’t it be better if you could buy your energy production rather than rent it? The key to bringing renewable energy to suburban America is to communicate the concept of how progressive technology combined with innovative architectural design can provide a lower monthly cost of ownership. For example, most people finance their home through a mortgage. If you design a house that will reduce your monthly utility bills by $150 while only increasing your monthly mortgage payment by $50 dollars, you will save money from the day you move in, although your home actually costs more. It’s all about combining the best design practices with sound financial strategies. Check out zeroenergy.com
How does an auction house work? i m an architectural student and currently designing an auction house (auctioning maybe electronics, antiques furniture, manuscript....etc) i would like to know the daily routine of an auction house, where do the object usually come from? after they transport to the auction house what happen to them, do they got inspect first? i would like to know what journey of the object will been through, through out the auctioning process. Basically i would love to know every different kind of space is need in an auctioning house and their function of it. Where do they print the catalogue? How many stuffs they usually have? and what do they do?.........etc...etc cheers
How do i set up my own business in the UK??? Please Help? I am planning to set up a small architectural, design firm, and am wondering how i will go ahead in doing so. Do i have to register it in the company house etc? and what about tax registration etc, as i will be mainly employing myself, and maybe one or two others... any help would be much appreciated,,, regards http://www.dna-designteam.com
How much math does an architecture need? i really like to have an architectural course but them i'm so confused coz an architecture course need a lot of knowledge about math, but my brain doesn't function much about math... but i really really like to study about architecture, i wanted to design my own house and built my original design around the world. But there's always a hesitant.. help me!!! give me an idea about architecture!!!
The Lizzie Borden House....please help!!!? for an interior design class i need to know architectural facts about the lizzie borden house as well asa brief history of the house. i have yet found a good site to help me find the information i need and i would be very grateful if anyone could help.
I'm a student learning architecture. I have some difficulties in planning my rooms.TT? I am a sophomore majoring architecture. I am taking Architectural Design Studio this semester. We have a project of making a house, but I don't know how to put the rooms together and how to put stairs and how to connect the rooms. I've seen many times how to plan a house from my father but this is my first time to do by myself. And I don't know what are the normal sizes of the rooms. Can anybody help me please??
Is ther architectural education in bolivia or architects? Becues I work as a designer right now. and when I am gonig to move to Bolivia and i'd like to design some houses
Need builder for thermometer-shaped house? I'm an architectural student and I want to impress Frank Geary with my revolutionary design. It's a thermometer-shaped house with one room that goes up in warm weather. You can only exit the house when the temperature is less than 60, except in an emergency there's a bass-jumping parachute. Under 18s must wearing a safety bungee whenever in the house. The garden is also on a pole for convenience. I need a builder who can construct my design for about $1,000 - any recommendations?
Looking for architectural/structure information on this home? slatestoneart.ca/digitalsaskatchewan.htm The last photo on this page is that of an old Farmhouse. I am trying to find out what type of home this is classified as. Am also interested in knowing if the protruding front room/porch area has a specific name, and any other information in regards to technical information on the houses design. Thank you http://www.slatestoneart.ca/digitalsaskatchewan.htm
What types of houses are popular in Manhattan? I'm writing a story and a scene takes place in a Manhattan townhouse. What kinds of architectural designs are present in Manhattan? Are brownstones common, or are they referred to as something else? I guess I just need to know if townhouses or duplexes have a different name in that part of the city.
Architecture Software? Could anyone tell me of a great software for architectural purposes. Something to design housing and office buildings preferably. Preferably a 3D scale.
Does a speed of 11,000 kbps good for gaming? Well, before we move to this house, we have a router that is connected directly (with wires) to my computer. My average speed on online speed test (speakeasy.net;speedtest.net) was 22,000 kbps and it was smooth on online gaming. But now, because of the architectural design of this weird house, I need to be connected to the router wirelessly which now gives me an average speed (on the online speed test) of 11,000 kbps. Half of what i used to have. My question is, is 11,000 kbps enough for gaming?
What are four good examples of buildings that would help in choosing a deisgn for a museum? You are a member of and advisory board who answers to a public figure; someone who is in control of, and makes decisions concerning the architectural development of the city where you reside. It has been established that there is a need for a new museum to house the historic art and artifacts of the city and surrounding region. You have been given the responsibility to begin the search for the appropriate architect as well as inform the said public figure of the reasons why a particular architect/architecture is suitable for the charge of the museum. Your research begins with understanding historical models for museums and similar institutions. In your paper you must select four examples that programmatically fit your idea of “museum” and explain why you have chosen these buildings (note that the chosen buildings do not necessarily need to be museums). You must then present your findings to the board for review. It is your responsibility to explain why these models are good precedents, and then you must explain why, even though these where suitable at the time, they may not be suitable now. Also, you must reference four contemporary museums that you feel are appropriate in order to foster a connective historical understanding of your choices to your audience: the board. Essentially, you will be selecting buildings that can perform as a museum “type.” You will explain the positive, and potentially negative, attributes of the building as an historic model. The selection of the contemporary – modern – buildings is to reinforce both positive and negative elements. Remember, in the end, you are not selecting a “building.” You are educating a group of people in order for them to make the appropriate decisions on hiring an architect. You will not suggest an architect. The ideas in your paper are general. You should use thoughts discussed in the lectures as well as your individual research. Remember that notions of program, formal design, materials, structure and contemporary ideas are all constituents that should be used in your paper. Any suggestions?
Is evolution just a mechanism process? It can explain the mechanics behind what we see, but how does this explain the design? After all, how can you build a house without architectural plan? or compose a symphony without a score? ex-atheist but at the same time I very much respect the field of science and mathematics because without it there would be no automatic ice dispenser
Where do I buy architectureal tension fabric, and how much does it cost? I'm an engineering student looking to design an aesthetically pleasing but durable light weight portable structure with tension fabric and a pvc pipe frame, but I'm not sure where to purchase architectural tension fabric. The structure needs to be large enough that it can comfortably house two individuals, but small enough that it could be erected by hand, so I'm thinking about 500 square feet of floor space and 10 to 12ft of verticle clearance would be ideal. Does anyone have a ballpark idea of how much something like that would cost? Any advice would be appreciated, and I am certainly open to suggestions for alternative materials if you feel these wouldn't be ideal for the application. -Thanks -James
Any ideas on where to find info online about early 1960's home decor without someone trying to sell me some? I'm buying a house built in 1962 with some really cool retro architectural details. I would like to keep the feel of retro- colors, designs, patterns-but have no idea where to find the info.
What steps should I take to become an interior designer? I would love to open my own interior design company one day. Even though I am interested more in the decorating part than the architectural part I know it's all in one package. I would eventually like to develope a company that not only handles decorating houses but decorates for weddings and other special occasions. Im currently a part time student,in the Chicagoland area, in my first year of studying interior design. Does any one have any tips oradvice on where I can start?
Would someone with a major in " City, Community, and Regional Planning " be able to get a job in Architecture? this is what is says about City, Community, and Regional Planning at collegeboard.com; You may have heard of the term urban sprawl. Urban sprawl refers to the uncontrolled growth of cities and suburbs. The typical results: traffic congestion, a lack of green or open spaces, poorly designed or nonexistent public transportation, and unhappy residents. City, community, and regional planners address urban sprawl and other problems that communities face, such as pollution. Planning majors learn about the principles of architectural design and how to use them to create communities in which people are proud to work and live. They explore such topics as affordable housing, public transportation, land use and zoning, economics, and environmentally friendly buildings.
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How Much of housing cost is actual materials? Im designing a dream home with an architectural program and it gives a calculated estimation on material cost, how much would i add to this to get say a retail value?
what is the best 3d architectural software to use? archicad? revit? Lightcad?? i would like to make nice 3d house renders and floor plans. Since I have a graphic design background and not an arhitectural background, what is the easiest software to use?
Where can I find free used magazines...? I am looking for anything related to architect, house designs, house plans, wood projects, home designing magazines or books. I can not afford subcriptions and I would love to take old to new magazines/books in good condition for my interest, but where can I find them? I tried posting on Craigslist, and no luck Some of the magazines that I am interested are: Architectural Digest Dwell Residential Architect Fine Homebuilding Custom Home Remodeling Interior Design Architecture Week Architecture House Beautiful This Old House Fine Woodworking I am also looking for any books including house plans, style of homes, modern buildings, styles of architecture and more. I also perfers bigger lots of magazines/books to make it worth the trip.
Should I build Or Should I buy a modular pre built home? Iam planning on buying a small lot, which isn't very big in a small community, its so small that a one car garage wont even fit, which is why they have outside parking lot, and street parking, the houses there are small, about 20 to 30 wide and 60 feet long, they are small, but big enough for a small cozy house, I prefer that over a larger house, I forgot to mention its near the beach. Ive taking architectural design in high school, and i have an AA in drafting, if i plan to build the house ill do all the plans my self, and hire my own workers, and buy my own supply, or i can buy one of those modular pre built homes, but i believe that would be more expensive than just building one.
Taiwanese building code? I have been granted a PARC for Taiwan and recently been granted approval to begin construction of my company here in Taiwan. Since I will be living in Taiwan consistently for at least the next 10years, I decided to build my own house here in Taiwan (not really impressed with the houses here). I have applied for the building permits and everything but the local government requires me to submit a building plan for the house. Which is all well and fine, except I don't know any of the Taiwanese building codes for houses. Having an architectural degree so I plan to design my own house from the ground up. Therefore I just need someone to direct me towards the residential building codes of Taiwan. Serious Answers only please.
Am I gifted or something like that? Here are my facts: Honestly, my teacher once told us the class that a child who can remember the things when he was below 7 or 5 maybe.. is a gifted one. As long as I could remember also, when I was 3 or 4, my family and I went to our grandma's house where I can never forget about the iguana on our sleep.. and also my grandma has a pond which i can remember i almost become wet, i can also remember that my sisters together with my mother went to the church while i was asleep. There are many things i can remember on that.. I also remember the feeling inside a booth or something like that, you ride on a coaster something, i just jumped out of the coaster when we were near the public viewing area, it was because i was scared of the things that i saw.. after i jump a man caught me as we waited for my parents and sisters. One thing also is that my interests and hobbies varies widely... First when i was a child, i like to do things with machines then after that I read a book about plants which i always read over and over again.I like also reading books and writing books or poems but now it seems to fade. I also socialize with other people when I was little, i go out from my house together with my sisters meeting our neighborhoods and friends but there was a certain period i stop playing with my friends at those time and took school seriously and that socialization lost it, and i start to realize to socialize again on people since i don't socialize on others though. Since grade 1, I always have my club on schools on art esp. drawing but this present time I think i just lost it,, then about animals,, then on psychology (both human behavior and the unexplained things, which is parapsychology) then on architectural designs esp. the Chinese architecture design.. I like also doing business, as I help my uncle, who is honestly poor, find money, I too also want to find money and help him since he also helped my mother years ago before I was born. I also love to sing not rock or anything but ballad or songs with nice rhythm melody and songs with meaningful lyrics. When i was little and to dance also but I just dance in cheer dance competitions since it is intramurals. Now, I listen to classical music and play the piano myself, self studying as we call it, which just started exactly a year ago. But I have no exceptional skill on it yet. Then i have a plan to buy a violin the learn it. I am also fond of surfing the net. Coz you know I am a curious person curious about the world especially when dealing with science. You see my interest and hobbies vary greatly and it is nonstop. I am just 15. My quality index on Intermediate algebra is high average, while on biology it is above average this is according to CENTER FOR EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT, INC.. And honestly I hate a little of Biology esp. on cells , reproduction thingy. I am also an observant person but i usually do things at my self, i don't mingle with people too much, So what can you say about me? In the future what could I be? Am I gifted? Or was I gifted? What should have been done yesterday? What should I do today? Also I am a heartbroken person sometimes.. i am also addicted to scrabble but because of the interference of my piano self studying skills, it seems to fade away!! I also dreamed of making piano pieces especially etudes when i grow up.. I aslo daydream on things like that, seeing myself as a great person who is skillful or like htat!!
where can I find a scrap aircraft fuselage? I'm currently doing a design project for the final year of my BA Architecture degree. The project is all about converting a disused barn into a home. I'm really into an architectural design group called LOT-EK from New York, who take objects and turn them into something new. Some of their projects have included taking a set of four shipping containers and turning them into a house, turning an old tube tv into a standing light and creating a media room out of a cement mixer. Inspired by this I am creating a loft style space within the timber framed barn, designing a set of bathrooms in an oil tanker trailer stood on its end in one part of the room. I wanted to do something similar for a bedroom space but For me the oil tanker is a little small for this...anyway... Basically what I want to do instead is use an old section of aircraft fuselage to span the 5 metre width of the barn, and I wanted to know what is the best aircraft to use and where in the UK (purely as research) can you find scrap aircraft. I'm looking for something with between 5 feet 10 and 6 feet clearance for a person to stand in. I've been told something called an SF340 matches that, but anymore suggestions are welcome. Thankyou!
Does anybody know any good websites about architecture over the past few hundred years? (details inside)? My friend just bought a house that she plans on renovating. It is a pretty big house (4 bedrooms, 2 bath) that was built in the late19th century and she told me that the realator told her that the house and all of the other houses on the street were the houses of people who worked on the railroad. There was actually a railroad right in front of the house but it is now a trail for biking/walking/blading etc. Three of the bedrooms are small but the realator said that at the time it was built those bedrooms and closets would have been considered fairly large. I guess they would have been because during that time people didn't have all of the "stuff" that we have today. Things were more simple. It just got me wondering about different architectural designs over the past few hundred years. Why did a lot of kitchens have pantrys, what were those little windows on top of doors for etc. I think I learned a lot of this in school but I either wasn't interested or I just don't remember. If anyone has any interesting websites that talks about these things please share! Thanks!
What are the steps involved in drawing plans and creating an architectural scale model of a house? I have to do a project for school, and I'm doing mine on a career in architecture. I have to have a product or this presentation, and I wanted to design basic home plans and build a small scale model. Help?
How much would it cost for a house like this.....? http://i200.photobucket.com/albums/aa137/1595_1595/seattle-tree-house-architectural-de.jpg this is were I found it http://weburbanist.com/2008/02/10/10-amazing-tree-houses-from-around-the-world-sustainable-unique-and-creative-designs/
what is included in construction finance and economics? For my HND in Architectural Design, for one of our units we have to do Construction finance and economics. And I was wondering what does this include? and do you think it would be relevant to things like the housing market? other building markets such as commercial and residental? also how a construction business is financed? and also would shopping mall development would fit into any of this?
Maine property? 1) What is the average price per acre, away from the city, in Maine? 2) What would be the estimated price of a 30 acre property in Maine? 3) How much would it cost to build two houses, and a barn on the property if the property was undeveloped? (Not including architectural, or interior design cost)
Who is more energy efficient? BUSH or GORE? Published on Sunday, April 29, 2001 in the Chicago Tribune Bush Loves Ecology -- At Home by Rob Sullivan The 4,000-square-foot house is a model of environmental rectitude. Geothermal heat pumps located in a central closet circulate water through pipes buried 300 feet deep in the ground where the temperature is a constant 67 degrees; the water heats the house in the winter and cools it in the summer. Systems such as the one in this "eco-friendly" dwelling use about 25% of the electricity that traditional heating and cooling systems utilize. A 25,000-gallon underground cistern collects rainwater gathered from roof runs; wastewater from sinks, toilets and showers goes into underground purifying tanks and is also funneled into the cistern. The water from the cistern is used to irrigate the landscaping surrounding the four-bedroom home. Plants and flowers native to the high prairie area blend the structure into the surrounding ecosystem. No, this is not the home of some eccentrically wealthy eco-freak trying to shame his fellow citizens into following the pristineness of his self-righteous example. And no, it is not the wilderness retreat of the Sierra Club or the Natural Resources Defense Council, a haven where tree-huggers plot political strategy. This is President George W. Bush's "Texas White House" outside the small town of Crawford. Yes, the same George W. who believes arsenic and drinking water might not be such a bad combo, the same man who reneged on his campaign promise to lower carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, the same man who is doing everything in his power to fling open the Alaskan Natural Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling. How does the President reconcile an eco-friendly abode for his own family with his persistent stand against anything that smacks of an environmentally friendly agenda for the nation as a whole? The answer to that perplexing question is a real mystery. Perhaps sound ecological practices are only for those who can afford them: as a self-proclaimed strict constructionist of the U.S. Constitution, Bush must be aware that clean air and clean water are not guaranteed in that glorious document. Perhaps in Bush's Brave New Corporate World, clean natural resources are merely commodities in a free-market economy: if you can pay for them, fine; if not, tough. The rest of us will just have to put up with more toxic dumps and more public lands being turned over to logging, mining and oil companies. According to David Heymann, the house's architect and associate dean of the University of Texas architecture department, Heymann designed the house so that "every room has a relationship with something in the landscape that's different from the room next door. Each of the rooms feels like a slightly different place." In a USA Today interview, Heymann said, "There's a great grove of oak trees to the west that protects it from the late afternoon sun. Then there is a view out to the north looking at hills, and to the east out over a lake, and the view to the south . . . out to beautiful hills." I suppose in George W.'s architectural world only the rich and powerful have views; vistas that the public owns as part of its shared heritage are up for lease and sale. Heymann also termed the house "stunningly small." Really? Would it be stunningly small for a single mother in South Central Los Angeles? How stunningly small would it be for an immigrant Latino family in San Antonio Maybe in the rarified heights where second homes are the norm, 4,000 square feet is small and on a stunning scale as well, but in Main Street America that much elbow room is pretty big for the first and only home. But then most of us can't reconcile what might at first glance appear to be inherently irreconcilable. Maybe some day, like our noble president, we will be able to make that kind of staggering mental feat. That is, if we ever stop misunderestimating ourselves. Rob Sullivan is a freelance writer based in Los Angeles.
Side job...? So, I was thinking that since I wanted to be an architect when I was in high school, and since I love designing houses, that I would start to design houses in my spare time. You think it would be necessary to get a degree in Architectural Technology or just make sure I understand the building codes?
to be an accountant or to be an architect? I am going to college and still unsure about my major. If you can tell me which pays more on average I am a B student in math and taking intregrated3 in senior year high school. These are my advantages if i choose accounting.My dad is currently taking class for acounting to get his cpa or something. And my uncle is rich and have been an accountant for years. he lives out of the country though. And i barely talk 2 mydad because of family drama.Architectural advantages: i have been taking drafting classes in high school for 3 yrs. Get all A's. i am more of a visual person and good at art. just not that excited about designing houses. I like cars better but i dont think they get payed as much
Architectural Style and How to hire a contractor? I am fixing to buy a 1950's era ranch style house. The exterior was recently painted a light grey color. It is in need of some updating and a little remodeling. I have always like the design Abercrombie and Fitch have used in there stores, ie. grey walls with white trim and very dark wood floors and dim lighting. I was wanting to do the same to this house through out the whole house with the exception of the bathrooms which already have the vintage white tile.I would like to install base boards and crown molding to all the rooms and some simple buy elegant built in book shelf's. How would i explain this to a contractor. What style is this? Should I just tell my contractor the style I want or should I just pick it out myself and have him install and paint it? This will be my first house, first remodel, first time hiring a contractor etc.
a bunch of questions about architecture? i am seriously thinking about becoming a residentual architect and always have been. when i was 5 i used to say i wanted to be an architect because i thought it sounded cool. but when i got older, i learned what it really was and i loved it. My uncle is a Drafter, my dads a painter/ freelance carpenter, and ive helped them both on add ons to houses, remodels, and other objectives in the construction field. im a sophmore in highschool. i took a class called Architectural design when i lived in california last year, and i learned the basics of drawing; on paper and computer(first years used ArchiCAD and others used AutoCAD) i have autoCAD2005 on my computer(though it is 3 years old), and i am now taking drafting classes in my new high school because that is the closest they have to architectural classes. but i also want to take 2-d and 3-d art to get a better point of perspective(my view for perspective is amazing, i find disproportional/unperspective objects/people everywhere in restaurants, even some museums, and murals outside on walls, and i know its not just my imagination, because i point them out, and after awhile of starring, they agree and ask how i even noticed. i dont mean only the design, i mean the shading(shadow) and color transitions also. now that i filled you in on my "experience" im going to let you know of my plans. i currently live in florida, but dont like it here, and im looking at MSU Bozeman in Montana. they are NAAB accredited so i can move outa state if i wanted and still have my license, and it is surrounded by mountains (i love snow boarding) oh, and my last name is bozeman if you cant tell by my account name. but that would also be cool, to live in a city thats named after your distant cousin my questions are, Do you think MSU Bozeman is a good school. Would my last name being Bozeman help/hurt/not matter when viewing my application? Would taking a year break to move to Montana to get residentual tuitions, help/hurt/not matter? can you apprentice before/while in college? when i get my car, i plan on finding an architecture office in my area and going in to speak with them and asking them if they might want to hire me to do their dirtywork. i dont mind the low pay, im a teen, and it is great experience.
Name this Architectural style Please!? Have you ever been into a Tommy Bahama store? How about a Hollister store? I like the way both of these stores decorate the interior. Tommy Bahama has more of a warm feel with a lot of decorative wood trim and light green colors, i call that style "old world florida". Hollister is more dark, dim lighting, painted wood flooring,small octagon tile flooring and dark stained wood shutters all around the inside. Can anyone tell me exactally what style of design or architecture this is? Alot of people tell me things like "beach", "florida", "Key West", "So-Cal", but I can never find anything on those styles that look like what i want.Please Help. Im building a house and i have just sat down with an architect and I was wanting to combine both of these styles and have my architect come up with something but I dont know how to describe it to him, niether can i find any referance material for him to look at. Thanks RaceReed
I need help understanding this article. Please see the article below. Thanks in advance.? What is a Social Fact? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Before beginning the search for the method appropriate to the study of social facts it is important to know what are the facts termed 'social'. The question is all the more necessary because the term is used without much precision. It is commonly used to designate almost all the phenomena that occur within society, however little social interest of some generality they present. Yet under this heading there is, so to speak, no human occurrence that cannot be called social. Every individual drinks, sleeps, eats, or employs his reason, and society has every interest in seeing that these functions are regularly exercised. If therefore these facts were social ones, sociology would possess no subject matter peculiarly its own, and its domain would be confused with that of biology and psychology. However, in reality there is in every society a clearly determined group of phenomena separable, because of their distinct characteristics, from those that form the subject matter of other sciences of nature. When I perform my duties as a brother, a husband or a citizen and carry out the commitments I have entered into, I fulfil obligations which are defined in law and custom and which are external to myself and my actions. Even when they conform to my own sentiments and when I feel their reality within me, that reality does not cease to be objective, for it is not I who have prescribed these duties; I have received them through education. Moreover, how often does it happen that we are ignorant of the details of the obligations that we must assume, and that, to know them, we must consult the legal code and its authorised interpreters! Similarly the believer has discovered from birth, ready fashioned, the beliefs and practices of his religious life; if they existed before he did, it follows that they exist outside him. The system of signs that I employ to express my thoughts, the monetary system I use to pay my debts, the credit instruments I utilise in my commercial relationships, the practices I follow in my profession, etc., all function independently of the use I make of them. Considering in turn each member of society, the foregoing remarks can be repeated for each single one of them. Thus there are ways of acting, thinking and feeling which possess the remarkable property of existing outside the consciousness of the individual. Not only are these types of behaviour and thinking external to the individual, but they are endued with a compelling and coercive power by virtue of which, whether he wishes it or not, they impose themselves upon him. Undoubtedly when I conform to them of my own free will, this coercion is not felt or felt hardly at all, since it is unnecessary. None the less it is intrinsically a characteristic of these facts; the proof of this is that it asserts itself as soon as I try to resist. If I attempt to violate the rules of law they react against me so as to forestall my action, if there is still time. Alternatively, they annul it or make my action conform to the norm if it is already accomplished but capable of being reversed; or they cause me to pay the penalty for it if it is irreparable. If purely moral rules are at stake, the public conscience restricts any act which infringes them by the surveillance it exercises over the conduct of citizens and by the special punishments it has at its disposal. In other cases the constraint is less violent; nevertheless, it does not cease to exist. If I do not conform to ordinary conventions, if in my mode of dress I pay no heed to what is customary in my country and in my social class, the laughter I provoke, the social distance at which I am kept, produce, although in a more mitigated form, the same results as any real penalty. In other cases, although it may be indirect, constraint is no less effective. I am not forced to speak French with my compatriots, nor to use the legal currency, but it is impossible for me to do otherwise. If I tried to escape the necessity, my attempt would fail miserably. As an industrialist nothing prevents me from working with the processes and methods of the previous century, but if I do I will most certainly ruin myself. Even when in fact I can struggle free from these rules and successfully break them, it is never without being forced to fight against them. Even if in the end they are overcome, they make their constraining power sufficiently felt in the resistance that they afford. There is no innovator, even a fortunate one, whose ventures do not encounter opposition of this kind. Here, then, is a category of facts which present very special characteristics: they consist of manners of acting, thinking and feeling external to the individual, which are invested with a coercive power by virtue of which they exercise control over him. Consequently, since they consist of representations and actions, they cannot be confused with organic phenomena, nor with psychical phenomena, which have no existence save in and through the individual consciousness. Thus they constitute a new species and to them must be exclusively assigned the term social. It is appropriate, since it is clear that, not having the individual as their substratum, they can have none other than society, either political society in its entirety or one of the partial groups that it includes - religious denominations, political and literary schools, occupational corporations, etc. Moreover, it is for such as these alone that the term is fitting, for the word 'social' has the sole meaning of designating those phenomena which fall into none of the categories of facts already constituted and labelled. They are consequently the proper field of sociology. It is true that this word 'constraint', in terms of which we define them, is in danger of infuriating those who zealously uphold out-and-out individualism. Since they maintain that the individual is completely autonomous, it seems to them that he is diminished every time he is made aware that he is not dependent on himself alone. Yet since it is indisputable today that most of our ideas and tendencies are not developed by ourselves, but come to us from outside, they can only penetrate us by imposing themselves upon us. This is all that our definition implies. Moreover, we know that all social constraints do not necessarily exclude the individual personality. [1] Yet since the examples just cited (legal and moral rules, religious dogmas, financial systems, etc.) consist wholly of beliefs and practices already well established, in view of what has been said it might be maintained that no social fact can exist except where there is a well defined social organisation. But there are other facts which do not present themselves in this already crystallised form but which also possess the same objectivity and ascendancy over the individual. These are what are called social 'currents'. Thus in a public gathering the great waves of enthusiasm, indignation and pity that are produced have their seat in no one individual consciousness. They come to each one of us from outside and can sweep us along in spite of ourselves. If perhaps I abandon myself to them I may not be conscious of the pressure that they are exerting upon me, but that pressure makes its presence felt immediately I attempt to struggle against them. If an individual tries to pit himself against one of these collective manifestations, the sentiments that he is rejecting will be turned against him. Now if this external coercive power asserts itself so acutely in cases of resistance, it must be because it exists in the other instances cited above without our being conscious of it. Hence we are the victims of an illusion which leads us to believe we have ourselves produced what has been imposed upon us externally. But if the willingness with which we let ourselves be carried along disguises the pressure we have undergone, it does not eradicate it. Thus air does not cease to have weight, although we no longer feel that weight. Even when we have individually and spontaneously shared in the common emotion, the impression we have experienced is utterly different from what we would have felt if we had been alone. Once the assembly has broken up and these social influences have ceased to act upon us, and we are once more on our own, the emotions we have felt seem an alien phenomenon, one in which we no longer recognise ourselves. It is then we perceive that we have undergone the emotions much more than generated them. These emotions may even perhaps fill us with horror, so much do they go against the grain. Thus individuals who are normally perfectly harmless may, when gathered together in a crowd, let themselves be drawn into acts of atrocity. And what we assert about these transitory outbreaks likewise applies to those more lasting movements of opinion which relate to religious, political, literary and artistic matters, etc., and which are constantly being produced around us, whether throughout society or in a more limited sphere. Moreover, this definition of a social fact can be verified by examining an experience that is characteristic. It is sufficient to observe how children are brought up. If one views the facts as they are and indeed as they have always been, it is patently obvious that all education consists of a continual effort to impose upon the child ways of seeing, thinking and acting which he himself would not have arrived at spontaneously. From his earliest years we oblige him to eat, drink and sleep at regular hours, and to observe cleanliness, calm and obedience; later we force him to learn how to be mindful of others, to respect customs and conventions, and to work, etc. If this constraint in time ceases to be felt it is because it gradually gives rise to habits, to inner tendencies which render it superfluous; but they supplant the constraint only because they are derived from it. It is true that, in Spencer's view, a rational education should shun such means and allow the child complete freedom to do what he will. Yet as this educational theory has never been put into practice among any known people, it can only be the personal expression of a desideratum and not a fact which can be established in contradiction to the other facts given above. What renders these latter facts particularly illuminating is that education sets out precisely with the object of creating a social being. Thus there can be seen, as in an abbreviated form, how the social being has been fashioned historically. The pressure to which the child is subjected unremittingly is the same pressure of the social environment which seeks to shape him in its own image, and in which parents and teachers are only the representatives and intermediaries. Thus it is not the fact that they are general which can serve to characterise sociological phenomena. Thoughts to be found in the consciousness of each individual and movements which are repeated by all individuals are not for this reason social facts. If some have been content with using this characteristic in order to define them it is because they have been confused, wrongly, with what might be termed their individual incarnations. What constitutes social facts are the beliefs, tendencies and practices of the group taken collectively. But the forms that these collective states may assume when they are 'refracted' through individuals are things of a different kind. What irrefutably demonstrates this duality of kind is that these two categories of facts frequently are manifested dissociated from each other. Indeed some of these ways of acting or thinking acquire, by dint of repetition, a sort of consistency which, so to speak, separates them out, isolating them from the particular events which reflect them. Thus they assume a shape, a tangible form peculiar to them and constitute a reality sui generis vastly distinct from the individual facts which manifest that reality. Collective custom does not exist only in a state of immanence in the successive actions which it determines, but, by a privilege without example in the biological kingdom, expresses itself once and for all in a formula repeated by word of mouth, transmitted by education and even enshrined in the written word. Such are the origins and nature of legal and moral rules, aphorisms and popular sayings, articles of faith in which religious or political sects epitomise their beliefs, and standards of taste drawn up by literary schools, etc. None of these modes of acting and thinking are to be found wholly in the application made of them by individuals, since they can even exist without being applied at the time. Undoubtedly this state of dissociation does not always present itself with equal distinctiveness. It is sufficient for dissociation to exist unquestionably in the numerous important instances cited, for us to prove that the social fact exists separately from its individual effects. Moreover, even when the dissociation is not immediately observable, it can often be made so with the help of certain methodological devices. Indeed it is essential to embark on such procedures if one wishes to refine out the social fact from any amalgam and so observe it in its pure state. Thus certain currents of opinion, whose intensity varies according to the time and country in which they occur, impel us, for example, towards marriage or suicide, towards higher or lower birth-rates, etc. Such currents are plainly social facts. At first sight they seem inseparable from the forms they assume in individual cases. But statistics afford us a means of isolating them. They are indeed not inaccurately represented by rates of births, marriages and suicides, that is, by the result obtained after dividing the average annual total of marriages, births, and voluntary homicides by the number of persons of an age to marry, produce children, or commit suicide. [2] Since each one of these statistics includes without distinction all individual cases, the individual circumstances which may have played some part in producing the phenomenon cancel each other out and consequently do not contribute to determining the nature of the phenomenon. What it expresses is a certain state of the collective mind. That is what social phenomena are when stripped of all extraneous elements. As regards their private manifestations, these do indeed having something social about them, since in part they reproduce the collective model. But to a large extent each one depends also upon the psychical and organic constitution of the individual, and on the particular circumstances in which he is placed. Therefore they are not phenomena which are in the strict sense sociological. They depend on both domains at the same time, and could be termed socio-psychical. They are of interest to the sociologist without constituting the immediate content of sociology. The same characteristic is to be found in the organisms of those mixed phenomena of nature studied in the combined sciences such as biochemistry. It may be objected that a phenomenon can only be collective if it is common to all the members of society, or at the very least to a majority, and consequently, if it is general. This is doubtless the case, but if it is general it is because it is collective (that is, more or less obligatory); but it is very far from being collective because it is general. It is a condition of the group repeated in individuals because it imposes itself upon them. It is in each part because it is in the whole, but far from being in the whole because it is in the parts. This is supremely evident in those beliefs and practices which are handed down to us ready fashioned by previous generations. We accept and adopt them because, since they are the work of the collectivity and one that is centuries old, they are invested with a special authority that our education has taught us to recognise and respect. It is worthy of note that the vast majority of social phenomena come to us in this way. But even when the social fact is partly due to our direct co-operation, it is no different in nature. An outburst of collective emotion in a gathering does not merely express the sum total of what individual feelings share in common, but is something of a very different order, as we have demonstrated. It is a product of shared existence, of actions and reactions called into play between the consciousnesses of individuals. If it is echoed in each one of them it is precisely by virtue of the special energy derived from its collective origins. If all hearts beat in unison, this is not as a consequence of a spontaneous, preestablished harmony; it is because one and the same force is propelling them in the same direction. Each one is borne along by the rest. We have therefore succeeded in delineating for ourselves the exact field of sociology. It embraces one single, well defined group of phenomena. A social fact is identifiable through the power of external coercion which it exerts or is capable of exerting upon individuals. The presence of this power is in turn recognisable because of the existence of some pre-determined sanction, or through the resistance that the fact opposes to any individual action that may threaten it. However, it can also be defined by ascertaining how widespread it is within the group, provided that, as noted above, one is careful to add a second essential characteristic; this is, that it exists independently of the particular forms that it may assume in the process of spreading itself within the group. In certain cases this latter criterion can even be more easily applied than the former one. The presence of constraint is easily ascertainable when it is manifested externally through some direct reaction of society, as in the case of law, morality, beliefs, customs and even fashions. But when constraint is merely indirect, as with that exerted by an economic organization, it is not always so clearly discernible. Generality combined with objectivity may then be easier to establish. Moreover, this second definition is simply another formulation of the first one: if a mode of behaviour existing outside the consciousnesses of individuals becomes general, it can only do so by exerting pressure upon them. [3] However, one may well ask whether this definition is complete. Indeed the facts which have provided us with its basis are all ways of functioning: they are 'physiological' in nature. But there are also collective ways of being, namely, social facts of an 'anatomical' or morphological nature. Sociology cannot dissociate itself from what concerns the substratum of collective life. Yet the number and nature of the elementary parts which constitute society, the way in which they are articulated, the degree of coalescence they have attained, the distribution of population over the earth's surface, the extent and nature of the network of communications, the design of dwellings, etc., do not at first sight seem relatable to ways of acting, feeling or thinking. Yet, first and foremost, these various phenomena present the same characteristic which has served us in defining the others. These ways of being impose themselves upon the individual just as do the ways of acting we have dealt with. In fact, when we wish to learn how a society is divided up politically, in what its divisions consist and the degree of solidarity that exists between them, it is not through physical inspection and geographical observation that we may come to find this out: such divisions are social, although they may have some physical basis. It is only through public law that we can study such political organisation, because this law is what determines its nature, just as it determines our domestic and civic relationships. The organisation is no less a form of compulsion. If the population clusters together in our cities instead of being scattered over the rural areas, it is because there exists a trend of opinion, a collective drive which imposes this concentration upon individuals. We can no more choose the design of our houses than the cut of our clothes - at least, the one is as much obligatory as the other. The communication network forcibly prescribes the direction of internal migrations or commercial exchanges, etc., and even their intensity. Consequently, at the most there are grounds for adding one further category to the list of phenomena already enumerated as bearing the distinctive stamp of a social fact. But as that enumeration was in no wise strictly exhaustive, this addition would not be indispensable. Moreover, it does not even serve a purpose, for these ways of being are only ways of acting that have been consolidated. A society's political structure is only the way in which its various component segments have become accustomed to living with each other. If relationships between them are traditionally close, the segments tend to merge together; if the contrary, they tend to remain distinct. The type of dwelling imposed upon us is merely the way in which everyone around us and, in part, previous generations, have customarily built their houses. The communication network is only the channel which has been cut by the regular current of commerce and migrations, etc., flowing in the same direction. Doubtless if phenomena of a morphological kind were the only ones that displayed this rigidity, it might be thought that they constituted a separate species. But a legal rule is no less permanent an arrangement than an architectural style, and yet it is a 'physiological' fact. A simple moral maxim is certainly more malleable, yet it is cast in forms much more rigid than a mere professional custom or fashion. Thus there exists a whole range of gradations which, without any break in continuity, join the most clearly delineated structural facts to those free currents of social life which are not yet caught in any definite mould. This therefore signifies that the differences between them concern only the degree to which they have become consolidated. Both are forms of life at varying stages of crystallisation. It would undoubtedly be advantageous to reserve the term 'morphological' for those social facts which relate to the social substratum, but only on condition that one is aware that they are of the same nature as the others. Our definition will therefore subsume all that has to be defined it if states: A social fact is any way of acting, whether fixed or not, capable of exerting over the individual an external constraint; or: which is general over the whole of a given society whilst having an existence of its own, independent of its individual manifestations. [4] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Moreover, this is not to say that all constraint is normal. We shall return to this point later. 2. Suicides do not occur at any age, nor do they occur at all ages of life with the same frequency. 3. It can be seen how far removed this definition of the social fact is from that which serves as the basis for the ingenious system of Tarde. We must first state that our research has nowhere led us to corroboration of the preponderant influence that Tarde attributes to imitation in the genesis of collective facts. Moreover, from this definition, which is not a theory but a mere resume of the immediate data observed, it seems clearly to follow that imitation does not always express, indeed never expresses, what is essential and characteristic in the social fact . Doubtless every social fact is imitated and has, as we have just shown, a tendency to become generalised, but this is because it is social, i.e. obligatory. Its capacity for expansion is not the cause but the consequence of its sociological character. If social facts were unique in bringing about this effect, imitation might serve, if not to explain them, at least to define them. But an individual state which impacts on others none the less remains individual. Moreover, one may speculate whether the term 'imitation' is indeed appropriate to designate a proliferation which occurs through some coercive influence. In such a single term very different phenomena, which need to be distinguished, are confused. 4. This close affinity of life and structure, organ and function, can be readily established in sociology because there exists between these two extremes a whole series of intermediate stages, immediately observable, which reveal the link between them. Biology lacks this methodological resource. But one may believe legitimately that sociological inductions on this subject are applicable to biology and that, in organisms as in societies, between these two categories of facts only differences in degree exist.
architectural practice? I am an Registered Architect in India and past 8 yrs is in private service now thinking to start my own practice. My question how to get the first project which will give a reference to my name. In past and currently too I am doing lot of houses all over but all are in small size and do not take me anywhere. Fed-up with these and thinking expecting to get a big project (not is physical size but in design standard) which can give me some reference. How to get?
Career question? Currently studying for an AS in architectural drafting. I want to go into school after this and start on a BS in architecture. I drift away from this the more and more I hear about how difficult it is and the low percentage of people who get through the program. Would the transition be hard from the schooling I'm at now to an architecture degree? I really just want to design houses, buildings etc. what else could I study or get into?
Engineering .......Do you know anything about Engineering? I would like to become an engineer/architect because Im interested in the fact of designing things, houses or bulidngs to improve our lifestyle. I love to design. Im in high school. The only thing is Im not so great in math, but I am improving. I want to be an engineer or an architect so badly, but I dont want my math skills and scores to destroy my dreams...What can I do? All I can really do is try...but I dont want to struggle once I am a real engineer/architect. * Another question...I am a girl, what field is best for me? I was going for Civil engineer or architectual engineer. Just your opionion... THank u Agricultural Engineering Architectural Engineering Bioengineering/Biomedical Engineering Ceramic Engineering Chemical Engineering Civil Engineering Computer Engineering Electrical Engineering Environmental Engineering Industrial Engineering Manufacturing Engineering Mechanic Engineering Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Mineral and Mining Engineering
3D Studio Max for Architectural renderings? Hi all, hope you can guide me in the right direction. I work on Autocad doing Architectural work - house plans. I also have 3d Studio max and would like to make a 3d model of my plans , then render them (hopefully very photo-realistically), add people, sky tree etc. for the use of design and presentation BUT I dont know where to start. Is there somewhere online or somewhere where there are step by step tutorials to help me make my flat 2D plans a 3D rendered masterpiece. Come on all you 3d buffs !!! I NEED YOUR HELP !! p.s I cannot go on a course/college etc, as I work and cannot take time off (or afford it) Many thanks...have a great day
If you could design your dream house, in any architectural fashion, money is no object, how would you build it Describe how it would look. Me? I love domes and spires, plenty of glass, and tons of bright colors.
I want to be an Entepenuer.? Does anyone have any guidance, possibly, direction. I completed a 2 yr. Technical course in Computer Aided Drafting and Design, with my flavor leaning more towards Architectural, rather than Mechanical. I want to design custom floorplans for those that would like to build their dream house. Does anyone have any advice?
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